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But just how can you create a system that has a decentralized ledger How do you give someone the ability to upgrade the ledger without giving them too much powerin case they become corrupt or negligent in their work
Well, Bitcoins rulesalso known as the Bitcoin protocolsolves this in a very creative way I like to call Who Wants to Be a Banker
In short, anyone who wants to participate in updating the ledger of all Bitcoin transactions, known as the blockchain, can do this. Whatever you need is to suppose a random number that solves an equation generated by the system. Sounds simple, right
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Of course, this guessing is all done by your PC. The more powerful your computer is, the more guesses you can create in one second, increasing your chances of winning this match. If you manage to guess correctly, you earn bitcoins and get to write the next page of Bitcoin transactions on the blockchain. .
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1. Once your mining pc comes up with the ideal suspect, your mining program determines which of the current pending transactions will be grouped together into the next block of transactions. Compiling this block represents the moment of glory, as youve now become a temporary banker of Bitcoin who gets to update the Bitcoin transaction ledger known as the blockchain. .
2. The block youve generated, along with the solution, is sent to the whole network so other computers can affirm it. Its somewhat similar to a Rubiks cube: The solution is very hard to achieve but quite easy to validate.
3. Each computer that validates your solution upgrades its copy of the Bitcoin transaction ledger with the transactions that you chose to include in the block.
4. The system generates a predetermined amount of bitcoins (currently 12.5) and rewards them to you as compensation for the time and energy you spent solving the math problem.
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5. Additionally, you get paid any transaction fees which were attached to the transactions you inserted into the next block.
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6. Each of the transactions in the block youve just entered are now confirmed by the Bitcoin network and therefore are virtually irreversible.
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So thats Bitcoin mining in a nutshell. Its called mining because of the fact that this process helps mine new Bitcoins from the system. But if you think about it, the mining component is merely a by-product of this transaction confirmation process. Therefore that the name is a bit misleading, since the main objective of mining would be to maintain the ledger in a decentralized manner. .
As you can imagine, since mining is based on a type of guessing, for every block, a different miner will suppose the number and also be granted the right to upgrade the blockchain. Obviously, that the miners with computing power will succeed more often, but on account of the law of statistical probability, its highly unlikely that the same miner will succeed every time. .
Now that you know what Bitcoin mining is, you might be thinking, Cool! Free money! Where do I sign up Well, site here not so fast
Satoshi Nakamoto, who invented Bitcoin, crafted the rules for mining in a manner that the further mining energy the network gets, the harder it is to imagine the answer to the mining math problem. So that the difficulty of this mining method is actually self-adjusting to the accumulated mining power the network possesses. .
If more miners join, it is going to get more difficult to address the problem; if many of them drop off, it is going to get easier. This can be known as mining issue.
Now, remember, this is on average. We can have two blocks being inserted minute after minute and then wait an hour for the next block. In the long run, this may even out to ten minutes on average.
As you can imagine, this type of self-adjusting mechanism has made a sort of arms race to acquire the most efficient and powerful miners as soon as possible.
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When Bitcoin first started out, there werent a lot of miners on the market. In reality, Satoshi, the inventor of Bitcoin, and his friend Hal Finney were a few the only people mining Bitcoin back in the time using their own personal computers.
Using your CPU (central processing unityour computers brain and an integrated component in any computer) was enough for mining Bitcoin back in 2009, since mining difficulty was low. Since Bitcoin began to catch on, folks looked for more powerful mining solutions.